Human resources in science and technology are people aged 15-74 who have either completed higher education or are employed in the fields of science and technology as researchers, engineers, professional associates or technicians. According to the results of the Labor Force Survey, in 2023 in the Republic of Serbia there were 1 109 900 people who meet some of the above conditions, of which 55% are women.

The core of human resources in science and technology consists of persons who meet both requirements, have acquired higher education and work in the fields of science and technology in these occupations. In 2023, 553 200 people made up the core, of which 58% were women.